For life to exist on a planet without special equipment, an atmosphere is needed for oxygen as it is essential for respiration. Water is also required as it can dissolve most materials, due to it being a universal solvent.
Moons such as Europa and Ganymede may be able to support life. Europa has liquid water and may be able to support water-based life, though it does not have an oxygen-rich atmosphere, while Ganymede has a rather oxygen-rich one.
Although Mars has little liquid water, billions of years ago it did have liquid water ocean, oxygen and a thicker atmosphere, so microorganisms or even multicellular life may have lived there. There might have been microorganisms there. The Curiosity rover might have discovered a fossil of a worm-like organism.
The Drake Equation calculates the probability of contactable extraterrestrial life. This is the equation:
The Fermi Paradox is the apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence of extraterrestrial life and the high probability of intelligent civilisations. Some reasons explaining this paradox include the fact that some values of the Drake Equation are very low, the Great Filter ( a "filter" that determines how far any civilisation can progress), and the fact that civilisations do not want to contact each other for the fear of being invaded (the Dark Forest theory).
A type I civilisation can fully exploit the energy on its home planet, and a type II civilisation can do so for its own home solar system. A type III civilisation can fully exploit the resources of its home galaxy. No civilisation has ever reached type IV, in which they control and fully exploit the entire universe. A type V civilisation controls and uses the energy of 2 or more universes.
The Arecibo radio telescope is one of the SETI searches which sent out an interstellar radio message sent to globular cluster M13 in hope that aliens might receive and decipher it. It is based on binary numbers, atomic numbers of elements, formulas for sugars and bases in nucleotides, while the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft have a "golden record" showing information about Earth, the Solar system and humanity. It also contains sounds from Earth, music and "hellos" in different languages.
Quantum communication can be used to communicate instantly to other civilisations via quantum entanglement.
A few conspiracy theories about extraterrestrial life are the face on Mars, which is a trick of light and shadows, and "Alien Ata", who died of genetic defects in the womb. It has only 10 ribs and a strangely sloped head.
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| Plants in the Ruwenzori Mountains in eastern equatorial Africa. Credits to Manuel Werner on Wikimedia Commons. File under CC BY-SA 2.5 |
Although Mars has little liquid water, billions of years ago it did have liquid water ocean, oxygen and a thicker atmosphere, so microorganisms or even multicellular life may have lived there. There might have been microorganisms there. The Curiosity rover might have discovered a fossil of a worm-like organism.
The Drake Equation calculates the probability of contactable extraterrestrial life. This is the equation:
N = R*fpneflfifcL
N = contactable civilisations.
The Fermi Paradox is the apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence of extraterrestrial life and the high probability of intelligent civilisations. Some reasons explaining this paradox include the fact that some values of the Drake Equation are very low, the Great Filter ( a "filter" that determines how far any civilisation can progress), and the fact that civilisations do not want to contact each other for the fear of being invaded (the Dark Forest theory).
A type I civilisation can fully exploit the energy on its home planet, and a type II civilisation can do so for its own home solar system. A type III civilisation can fully exploit the resources of its home galaxy. No civilisation has ever reached type IV, in which they control and fully exploit the entire universe. A type V civilisation controls and uses the energy of 2 or more universes.
The Arecibo radio telescope is one of the SETI searches which sent out an interstellar radio message sent to globular cluster M13 in hope that aliens might receive and decipher it. It is based on binary numbers, atomic numbers of elements, formulas for sugars and bases in nucleotides, while the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft have a "golden record" showing information about Earth, the Solar system and humanity. It also contains sounds from Earth, music and "hellos" in different languages.
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| The Golden Record's cover. Credits to NASA. Image was released into the Public Domain. |
Quantum communication can be used to communicate instantly to other civilisations via quantum entanglement.
A few conspiracy theories about extraterrestrial life are the face on Mars, which is a trick of light and shadows, and "Alien Ata", who died of genetic defects in the womb. It has only 10 ribs and a strangely sloped head.
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